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Thirteen Ways of Looking at a Blackbird
"Thirteen Ways of Looking at a Blackbird" is a poem from Wallace Stevens' first book of poetry, ''Harmonium.'' The poem consists of thirteen short, separate sections, each of which mentions blackbirds in some way. Although inspired by haiku, none of the sections meet the traditional definition of haiku. It was first published in October 1917 by Alfred Kreymborg in ''Others: An Anthology of the New Verse'' and two months later in the December issue of ''Others: A Magazine of the New Verse''.〔(Others: An Anthology of the New Verse on Google Books )〕〔(Others: A Magazine of the New Verse on the Modernist Journals Project )〕
== Analysis ==
"Thirteen Ways..." may be interpreted as one of Stevens's exercises in perspectivism, and accordingly may be compared to such poems as "The Snow Man". The perspectives that matter for Stevens issue from the poet's imagination, which, somewhat in the spirit of philosophical nominalism, can unify the world in various ways—for example, as a man and a woman, or a man and a woman and a blackbird (section IV). The artist's perspective may be shaped by what he attends to, as for instance on inflections or innuendoes—the blackbird whistling, or just after (section V).
The poem's haiku-like austerity is striking. Affinities to imagism and cubism are evident. Buttel proposes that the title "alludes humorously to the Cubists' practice of incorporating into unity and stasis a number of possible views of the subject observed over a span of time."〔Buttel, p. 165〕
Sight is the dominant perceptual modality. The poems are almost cinematic, as though, and this is a somewhat anachronistic reading, in the first stanza, a camera focuses on a mountain panorama and then zooms in to the blackbird and its roaming eye. There is reason to classify it as among the metaphysical poems in ''Harmonium'', because it creates an aura of mystery and intimates ineffable knowledge, perhaps conveying the message that 'death comes to all that lives.' But there are also grounds for classifying it as among the book's sensualist poems. "This group of poems is not meant to be a collection of epigrams or of ideas," Stevens remarks in one of his letters, "but of sensations."〔Stevens, H. p. 252〕 (See the main Harmonium essay, the section "A flavorously original poetic personality," for the critic Joseph Fletcher's contrast between Stevens's metaphysical and sensuous poems.) Lastly, as a poignant comment on American race relations, the poem deserves to be considered alongside "Domination of Black," "Metaphors of a Magnifico," "Ploughing on Sunday," and "The Jack-Rabbit."
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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